![]() The authors compared infections observed in 18 untreated macaques to infections in macaques that received a variety of antiretroviral PrEP regimens containing the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor emtricitabine (FTC) alone or in combination with TDF. In the new study, macaques were exposed to weekly rectal virus challenges for up to 14 weeks. A new study in this issue of PLoS Medicine by Walid Heneine and colleagues extends earlier observations and will certainly affect the direction of human clinical trials and public health policy. Using this model, the investigators showed that tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, a nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor) delayed, but did not prevent, acquisition of SHIV in these animals (seven out of eight animals infected over 14 weeks). First, they developed a rectal inoculation model using concentrations of simian HIV (SHIV) representative of human exposure. Investigators at the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have conducted a series of studies in rhesus macaques to explore antiretroviral prophylaxis. Pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP, respectively) have been used successfully to interrupt transmission of HIV from infected mothers to their babies. Although there have been no randomized controlled clinical trials on the subject, antiretroviral drugs are currently used in clinical practice for post-exposure prophylaxis after inadvertent occupational exposure (based on the results of a case control study ) or after sexual exposure to the virus. But ART has equal potential for prevention, since it reduces the probability of HIV transmission from an infected person to their sexual partner(s). The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the early 1990s profoundly changed the face of HIV infection by improving survival rates. ADMK declares the following interests-consultancies: Bristol-Myers Squibb grants received: Gilead Sciences, Pfizer. No specific funds were received for the preparation of this commentary.Ĭompeting interests: MSC declares that he has no competing interests. ![]() The authors are also supported by grant #P30 AI50410 from the University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: The authors are supported by the following grants from the National Institutes of Health: DK049381 (MSC) and AI54980 (ADMK). ![]() PLoS Med 5(2):Ĭopyright: © 2008 Cohen and Kashuba. If you would like to learn more about our Test Prep and Academic Support Programs, please visit our sister site at prestigeprep.Citation: Cohen MS, Kashuba ADM (2008) Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention of HIV Infection: New Clues From an Animal Model. Phil resides in New York City with his wife and two boys. To date, Phil has worked with thousands of students and maintained lasting relationships with many of them. These experiences helped Phil create his education policy: challenge students to push themselves while building their confidence and sense of self. Prior to Dugmah, Phil oversaw the Young Judaea/Hadassah National Youth Movement, served as Director of Masasa’s Informal Education and Touring Company, and supervised countless after-school youth programs. Phil Cohen has provided education services to students for over 20 years. We work closely with our families to create a learning environment that encompasses their family values and beliefs, while encouranging our students to understand they are part of something bigger than just the individual. This occurs through creating meaningful and lasting relationships with our familes and particular our students. We offer eclectic and stimulating experiences that promote well-rounded social, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual development. To provide opportunities for spending time with educators who exemplify the qualities we value and encourage in our students: Self-confidence strong connection to family, community and heritage love of learning and compassionate attitudes towards others. “Dugmah,” the name of our company, translates into English as “role model” or "to lead by example."
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